Author(s)

M. Cullen & C. Clewlow

Abstract

Port Managers and Engineers around the world must consider the best means and methods to maintain, or preferably increase, income while satisfying the changing requirements of their customers. Since the early 50's commercial vessels have increased in size and capacity. This has resulted in a growth in the number of deep-water berths. To be a valued asset such facilities require a major investment, however, the traditional impound docks are the losers in these developments due to the associated reduction in demand from smaller commercial vessels. This reduction in use results in a commodity that is uneconomical therefore removal of the risk is inevitable. But the removal of an impound dock is an expensive option and difficult to

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