Author(s)

E. Paipai, A. Brigden & C. Wooldridge

Abstract

Ports are the most important gateway for trade in maritime countries and thus make a vital contribution to national economies, and directly or indirectly to employment at all levels. Despite their vital contribution to national economies, ports nowadays face the most challenging task since the industrial revolution because they are required to respond to the needs of their clients for more efficient facilities without compromising navigational safety as well as to comply with strict environmental legislation. Port development and operational activities have the potential to impact on environmental and human resources. More often than not the potential for the ports to impact negatively on

Keywords