Author(s)

Jianguo Yan and Kang K. Yen

Abstract

For the prediction of global ocean sound propagation, a set of three-dimensional (3-D) ray equations have previously been derived [J. Yan, and K. Yen, J. Acoust. Soc. Am, 97, 1538- 1544 (1995)]. The new equations take into account the curvature of an ellipsoidal earth, as well as horizontal refraction, so that for long-range transmissions they are more accurate than conventional ray equations. In this paper, the new ray equations are used to compute 3-D ray paths for underwater sound propagation from Heard Island to Ascension Island. A measured sound speed data base is used for this computation. The fourth-order Runger-Kutta method with adaptive step-size control is used to solve the ray equations. At every step of the numerical integration, soun

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