Author(s)

Mohammed H. S. Zangana, Fakhri H. Ibraheem, Abdulrahman Kh. Perot, Kanabi O. Ibrahim & Fuad M. Khoshnaw

Abstract

There are a number of natural springs throughout the Kurdistan region. They are located in different geographical areas and each of them may differ from another in odder and mineral contents. These springs are known by locals in Kurdistan under various names, for example, Hammam, Garaw, Ganaw or Ganau. Hammam Jalli is one of these springs which is located near the city of Koya and is attracting thousands of local people every year, mainly, those who are suffering from skin diseases such as psoriasis, urticaria, leucoderma, eczema, acne, dermatitis, etc. Both the water and the mud of Hammam Jalli have been used as treatment or as cosmetics, However, their therapeutic effects is not fully understood and, according to the authors’ knowledge, there has been no scientific research work in such detail prior to this study. The microbiological testing results show that the Hammam Jalli’s water is fully contaminated with harmful bacteria including E. coli, therefore, it must be treated before it can be used for human consumption. The temperature measurement results show a large temperature difference between the Hammam Jalli’s water and the temperature of the surrounding air which can lead to a conclusion that Hammam Jalli can be introduced as a hot spring. This being the case, this spring can be turned into a popular tourist destination for locals and international tourism. In the current work also efforts were made to suggest a suitable process flow diagram (PFD) for the production of skin lotions/creams from Hammam Jalli’s mud and water. Keywords: Hammam Jalli, attractions in Kurdistan, Koya city, hot spring, skin care, lotions and creams, cosmetics.

Keywords

Hammam Jalli, attractions in Kurdistan, Koya city, hot spring, skin care, lotions and creams, cosmetics