Author(s)

R. Neves, A. Silva, J. Delfino, P. Leitao, J. Leitao, P. Pina, F. Braunschweig, R. Miranda & H. Coelho

Abstract

During the 20* century, the very fast growth of urban population created environmental problems in rivers, streams and in some coastal areas (estuaries and coastal lagoons). A Directive for Urban Residual Waters has been issued by DG Environment in 1992 and is being implemented. This directive imposes a minimum level of treatment, for each size of the agglomeration. Agglomerations with more than 150 000 inhabitants must have secondary treatment. Exceptions to this directive can only be considered in special circumstances and it must be demonstrated that this level of treatment does not

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