Author(s)

Paul G. Hoglunda & Anders Ydstedt

Abstract

To reach a sustainable use of the existing road and street infrastructure without the need large of financial resources is a difficult task. We need to find cost efficient methods. From passenger cars the majority of harmful emissions are generated by cold starts and occur whether or not the car is fitted with a catalytic converter. Cold starts will be reduced by preheating the engine before driving starts or by better travel planning . The shorter trips you make the more you can save with electric heating. Cold start emissions for CO and HC are approximately 80 % of the total emissions during driving. A suitable future technology for electric

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