Author(s)

G.C.Beolchini, F.Grillo & G.Valente

Abstract

For the masonry walls, we use low tensile strength and fracture energy. The nonlinear uniaxial compressive behaviour is defined by initial Young's modulus E, crushing point and ultimate point in the stress-strain plane. In multiaxial compressive stress condition, the crushing and ultimate points may be enhanced, relating to the projection on the multiaxial failure envelope in principal stress axes. Unloading from a compressive state is parallel to the initial Young's modulus. Cracking occurs when one tensile principal stress tends to overcome the tensile strength. A crack plane develops at right angle to the previous principal direction and is conserved its orientation for the whole loading process. Subsequent crack planes could be only orthogonal to the first and between them. After cracking, the stiffness matrix at the integration point is modified according to fract

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