Author(s)

M. A. McClelland, K. W. Westerberg, T. C. Meier, D. G. Braun, K. D. Frischknecht & T. M. Anklam

Abstract

Comparison of model and experimental results for material and energy flow in a titanium evaporation system with deforming interfaces M. A. ~ c ~ l e l l a n d ' , K. W. westerberg1, T. C. ~ e i e r ' , D. G. ~raun', K. D. ~rischknecht~ & T. M. ~nklarnl I Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA 2 OSRAM Opto Semiconductors Inc., USA Abstract Finite element calculations and measurements are compared for material and energy flow in a system to evaporate pure titanium. A 40 kW electron beam is used to heat the end of a 7.62 cm diameter cylindrical rod which is fed vertically through a water-cooled crucible. Vapor emanates from a liquid pool in which flow is driven strongly by buoyancy and capillary forces. At high evaporation rates, the vapor exerts strong shear and normal forces on the liquid-vapor interface. The MELT finite element code is used to calculate steady-state, axisymrnetric flow and temperature fields along with liquid-solid and liquidvapor interface locations. The influence of the

Keywords