Author(s)

S. Washburn, D. Arsnow, and R. Harris

Abstract

Quantitative chemical risk assessment is an increasingly important tool in making risk management decisions in the United States. In such an assessment, available data and information regarding chemical toxicity is combined with estimates of exposure to calculate the likelihood and severity of human health effects. In some circumstances, limitations in evaluating chemical toxicity and exposure potential introduce significant uncertainties into a risk assessment. This paper discusses the use of probabilistic approaches, such as Monte Carlo techniques, to quantify the uncertainty in the human health risk assessment process. Case studies include the evaluation of emissions from an existing commercial hazardous waste incinerator, an

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