Author(s)

Lech K. Kobylinski

Abstract

The paper discusses ways to assure safe handling of ships. Manoeuvring standards are considered in this context. Bearing in mind that the majority of CRG casualties (collisions, rammings and groundings) are caused by human error, the stress is put on causes of human failure. Ways to improve operator skill are discussed and in particularly training using physical simulators using large manned models are appraised. 1 Introduction Attention of ship operators is focused since two last decades on safety of navigation and in particularly on one of the most important aspects of safe navigation, i.e. safe handling of ships. There are several important reasons causing growing interest in safe handling of ships, one of the most important being large number of casualties caused by inadequate handling. The public opin

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