Author(s)

Y. Hayashi & K. Anurakamonkul

Abstract

As rapid economic development takes place, intense vehicle use from motorization and suburbanization becomes a crucial contributor to energy consumption and environmental degradation. Without proper measures to control traffic congestion, the benefits from increasing mobility would be swiftly dissipated, particularly for developing cities. Sprawl pattern in suburban areas with scattered housing settlement and poor public transport services encourage longer trip distance and frequent car trips, thereby much larger energy use in these cities. How succe

Keywords