Author(s)

H. Mortada

Abstract

Relying on Shariah's (the legal system of Islam) sources such as the Qur’an and Prophet's tradition (Sunna), this paper explores the points of view of Islam on treatment of as well as dealing with non-Muslims. These points of view have physically been exhibited in the traditional city of early Muslims, Cordoba. As the paper discusses toward its end, the stand of Islam on non-Muslim communities has not only provided them with the peaceful atmosphere they needed for their advancement, but also inspired them to heavily contribute to Islamic civilisation. Keywords: religious tolerance, Islamic city, Jews in Islam, Christians in Islam, Cordoba, Andalusia, non-Muslims in Islam, Islam in Spain, socio-religious unit. 1 Introduction Throughout history, traditional societies believed in principles that called for respect, tolerance and acceptance of those who differed in faith. Early Muslims co-existed and lived side by side with Christian and Jewish communities in peace and harmony. This has indeed led to the creation of a remarkable civilisation collectively established by a solid society of Muslims, Christians and Jews. To early Muslims, the presence of those of other faiths in their territory was part of their presence/destiny. Accordingly, to many philosophers and religious scholars, the tradition of Islam was an extension of the two previous traditions: Christianity and Judaism Lou’abi [1]. Such a socio-religious integration was demonstrated in the traditional Islamic built environment.

Keywords

religious tolerance, Islamic city, Jews in Islam, Christians in Islam, Cordoba, Andalusia, non-Muslims in Islam, Islam in Spain, socio-religious unit.