Author(s)

M.R. HYRE, S.A. CHAE & R.M. PULLIAM

Abstract

Restenosis remains a significant problem in coronary intervention. Additionally, concerns have recently been raised that drug eluting stents (DES) are linked to long-term thrombosis. For carotid artery stenting, the most serious complication is ipsilateral neurologic events due to an acute embolus from fragmentation of the lesion during stent deployment. While much attention has focused on biocompatibility solutions to these problems, less attention has been given to matching stents to the inflation balloon, atherosclerotic plaque mechanical properties, and lesion shape. Results show that the risk of arterial damage or plaque fractures is dependent on plaque morphology and material properties. Computational modeling results also indicate that it may be possible to use numerical simulations to estimate stress distributions in atherosclerotic lesions in vivo during and after stent deployment. This may help provide clinical indicators in stenting to reduce vascular injury and plaque rupture, which can cause acute and long-term post-procedural lumen loss in coronary artery stenting or stroke in carotid artery stenting. Results also indicate that while a complex model for plaque morphology is necessary to determine the stress distribution within the lesion, a more simple homogeneous plaque model will allow for reasonably accurate predictions of arterial stresses.

Keywords

Finite element analysis, plaque, restenosis, stent, vascular injury